Abstract:
It is shown that non-conservative force-field can be generated
by a construction using a permanent current distribution including iron
as magnetic shielding material driving permanent magnets as rotors giving
off mechanic energy. This motor changes the torque in the magnetic field
into motion.
On the site of J.L. Naudin there exist some proposals
of exotic wound coils. The aim of this proposals is to generate non-conservative
force field useful for drive bodies. Because I thought over this theme
some years ago I reproduce here an updated old posting as an possible answer
about the problem.
Empfaenger : /MAIL/ALT.SCI.PHYSICS.NEW-THEORIES
(All)
Absender : harti shb.contrib.de @
2:2410/208.2
Betreff : Burn's critique on
PM_Square! free energy !
Datum : Di 09.05.95,
19:39 (erhalten: 12.05.95)
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From: harti@shb.contrib.de (Stefan Hartmann)
Newsgroups: alt.energy.renewable, alt.paranet.science,
alt.sci.physics.new-theories, cl.energie.alternativen,
sci.energy,
sci.environment, sci.physics
Stefan Hartmann (harti@shb.contrib.de) wrote:
: Hi,
: I received this from an "anonymous" friend.
Please read it and let me know
: what you think about this theory for the explanation
of the TOMI and PM_Square
: effect !
: c) Permanent Magnet Motors
:
___________________________
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/
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/
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: Mu metal /
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: housing /
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/
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:
/
\
: /
_______________
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: /
/ -------> \
\
: |
current / B-fields
\
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tube /
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/
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| /---------|----------\ |
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| / _______ <-- ________ \ |
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| ||S N| /-\ |N
S|| |
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| ||_______| \-/ |________|| |
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: |
| \ axis wire
/ |
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: |
| \--------------------/ |
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\ rotor
/
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\ \
/
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: |
\ \-->
/
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: \
\ ___________________/
/
: \
/
:
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\_____________________________/
: fig.4 magnetic motor with no brushes; top view
: the magnet charges on the rotor are spinning
around the axis wire
: in the stationary double circular and opposite
rot B fields of
: the wire and the current tube.
Unfortunately, there is no opposite B field inside
the current tube due to the current in the current tube. The B field
due to the tube cancels inside but does exist outside the tube.
The Jackson text is entirely wrong if it does
discuss magnetic fields
without a potential - the electromagnetic 4-potential
A always applies to the conservation of 4-momentum (energy and momentum)
by electromagnetic interactions. See GRAVITATION by Misner, Thorne,
and Wheeler. The simultaneous presence of bare electric and magnetic monopole
charges is required to destroy the 4-potential and allow free energy devices.
I have found a design for such a device and submitted it for publication
in the spirit of criticism of monopole theory.
--
Michael J. Burns Contradiction
resolution is the stuff of the universe.
mburns@indirect.com Observers fulfill the
apriori need for fallibility.
Here is our reply: ( I received this from my anonymous
friend, he is very good in theory !)
Permanent magnetic field motor
In the last lines of my last post I proposed to
build a permanent magnetic field motor using a circular non-conservative
magnetic field exerted on the magnetic charges of a magnetic dipol. In
principle, this field can be generated by a broken current loop (i.e. free
moving charged particles or current loops whose magnetic field is shielded
partially by using partially a mu-metal wrapped magnetic field shielding
cable). It is not not possible to do this with closed current loops whose
field can be described formally by a potential (1).
In this context another problem I emphasized was
that in non-closed current loops the magnetic force law between single
differential current elements seem not to be decided experimentally until
today (2). For broken current loops it seems unclear what is the correct
law for the magnetic field.
Going back to this pre-Maxwellian-standpoint the
adequate form of the broken loop "Maxwell equations" remains unclear as
well as the electrodynamic of the theory of relativity, which is based
upon. If one accepts this pre-Maxwellian standpoint a disproval of my motor
would be possible only if there exist appropriate "Maxwell equations" for
every differential magnetic force law and for every broken current loop,
which is not the case. Only if we have closed current loops a derivation
of the Maxwell equations is possible and, if we know Maxwell's equations
we can derive a Maxwell specific force law of broken loops as well.
Although going back to the pre-Maxwellian standpoint
might be interesting I will refer here solely to the equations of Maxwell
and the derivations based upon because most people who can understand this
are aquainted with this equations and do not tolerate such big deviations.
The weakness of my last post was that I omitted to give a concrete example
which would give some foundation to my motor proposal.
Therefore, I will calculate an example here which
shows that a modified version of my original circular B-field motor proposal
can work based on the Maxwellian electrodynamic.
Without being an expert of the theory of relativity
I believe to know the following facts regarding this theory:
The formalism of the theory of special relativity
combines the classical equations of Maxwell in one expression. The old
electromagnetic theory remains valid and has not to be modified contrary
to Newton's mechanic. Therefore it is correct to calculate the B - field
using the classical
formula of the vector potential A:
A = integral j(x')/|x-x'| d3x'.
Calculating the curl we get the B-field. The calculation
of the A - field of my original motor proposal is analogous to the calculation
of an electrical field of an cylindrical capacitor. It can be done by
integrating the Poisson equation which, because
of cylindrical coordinates and cylindrical symmetry of the outer (at radius=r2)
and the inner current tube (or wire at radius r1), reduces to
1/r d/dr (r dA/dr) = j(r1)*deltafunction (r-r1)
+ j(r2)*deltafunction (r-r2)
As a result we get a 1/r-dependence of B which,
according Maxwell's
treatise on electricity and magnetism Vol.II §479(Dover
publishing edition) (comp. as well the last but one equation of his note),
leads to a null torque on the magnetic dipol charges of the magnetic rods
which point radially as well as in our motor proposal. Therefore, in this
point, M. Burns's critique of my post is justified. Using cylindical symmetry
and assuming the Maxwell equations to be valid we get no torque and the
motor cannot run.
Can other geometries (without magnetic monopols)
be successful ?
M.Burns would say no perhaps, because of the conservation
of energy and momentum seems to be built in in all theories from Maxwell
to Einstein.
I say yes ! All what we require is a non - 1/r
radial circular B-
field dependence. This can be generated by the
following geometry which is analogous to that of an electrical bowl capacitor
of radius r0, comp. fig.1a+b: One or more magnet rods the magnetic north
poles pointing radially circulate in an orbit in the equatorial plane of
a bowl which is made of conducting material. On this bowl a current is
flowing in the direction from the upper pole to the lower pole. In order
to have a broken loop the inner wall of the volume of the bowl is shielded
by mu-metal and the inner volume of the bowl contains the current sources.
The current density on the surface is (roughly) maintained constant
by adding current to appropriate locations on the surface by mu metal shielded
cables. In order to calculate the field we solve again the Poisson equation.
We use polar coordinates this time. Because the problem is independent
from the coordinates of the angles the Poisson equation reduces to
(d^2 A)/(dr)^2
+ 2/r(dA/dr) = 1/r (d^2 (r*A))/(dr)^2
= deltafunction (r-r0) j(r)
Solving this equation we get
A(r) = j(r0)*r0(1-r0/r)
Using this geometry and calculating the curl,
a 1/r^2 - dependence of the circular B-field can be calculated in the equatorial
plane of the orbit. This leads to a torque T around the upper-lower-pole
axis exerted on both the rods by the magnetic charges +/- g(r) at radiuses
r1/2 in the field:
T = B(r1) * r1 * g(r1) - B(r2) * r2 * g(r2)
Remembering that B = C/r^2 (C is a constant) in
the equatorial plane we get a non-vanishing net torque of
T = C g (1/r1 - 1/r2)
Therefore, a circular constant magnetic B - field
motor is feasible.
It remains the question whether this motor violates
the theory of
electromagnetism ?
We emphasized already why the normal theory of
relativisic electrodynamic cannot be applied because it cannot describe
the magnetic field of broken current loops.
Regarding Maxwell's equations describing the conservative
balance of
momentum and energy we see that conservation of
all this physical entities is restricted to electrical charges and the
fields generated by them. But if we have a mechanic coupling of the field
to permanent spins of a hard ferromagnet (not to a charge) then we have
a situation which differs physically completely from the situation described
by Maxwell as well as by the theory for special relativity.
Ampere's idea of constant molecular currents is
incompatible if we leave the magnetostatics. For example a perfectly hard
ferromagnet cannot be influenced by a changing B-field contrary to a current
loop. There exists no Lenz Law for spins. The coupling of a field to spins
normally is not accounted for in the energy balances of the theory of eletromagnetism.
Therefore, the situation is not covered by electro>dynamics<. I remember
that I emphasized that I did not claim that my motor proposal is a perpetuum
mobile. I cannot claim this because I do not know the exact energy balance.
I suppose that energy is needed to accelerate the motor because the rotating
magnetic charges induce a (Lenz) voltage in the current tubes which acts
against the battery voltages driving the current.
Nevermind, the question remains open: Is it possible
to replace the electrical sources of the circular non 1/r - B-field by
permanent magnets ?. If this is the case then we would have a "perpetuum
mobile" and we would have the problem how to establish the conservation
laws again under this conditions.
I do not know whether the theory of relativity
is able to replace
adequately the magnetic moment of a spin formally
by a local dipolar
distribution of magnetic monopoles, or whether
a formal replacement of the spins by a magnetic dipol distribution can
explain some facts partially.
Bibliography:
1) Landau L.D., Lifshitz E.M.
Elektrodynamik der Kontinua
Kapitel4, Paragraph 30, Aufgabe 1
Verlag Harri Deutsch, Akademie Verlag
Berlin 1982
2) Whittaker, Edmund
A history of the theories of Aether
and Electricity
Vol. I The classical theories
Aspden, Harold
Physics without Einstein
Sabberton, Southampton 1969
Modern Aether Physics
Sabberton, Southampton 1975
International Glasnost Journal of
Fundamental Physics
Vol.3, No.11, Marinov, Stefan; p.
18
side view:
|
.
_____________
/ ------|------ \
current //
| \ \
bowl //\ |
/ \ \
// \ |
/ \ \
----------------||
\ | /
||----------------
| ___________ ||
| | |
|| ___________ |
| |N
S| || + ___ ___ ___
|| |S N| |
| |___________| || -
- - - batteries|| |___________| |
| rotor
|| | |
| ||
rotor |
----------------||
/ | \
||----------------
\\ / |
\ //
\\/ mu-metal-shield\ //
\\ _______|_____|__ //
\_______|________/
.
| rotation axis
fig.1a: permanent magnetic field motor, side view
current
flowing from the upper to the lower pole of the bowl
current
density is constant over whole surface
field
of inner current source is shielded off
-----------------------------------------------------------------
<-----------
top view:
path of rotation of the
magnet satellites on
_____________
\ rotor
/ ------------- \
\
current //
\ \ \
bowl //
\ \ |
//
\ \ |
||
|| |
___________ ||
|| ___________
|N
S| ||
|| |S N|
|___________| ||
|| |___________|
||
||
||
||
| \\
//
| \\
//
| \\
________________ //
\
\________________/
\
\
\
\-----> path of rotation of the magnet
satellites on rotor
fig.1b: permanent magnetic field motor, top view
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